فصلنامه مطالعات فرهنگ - ارتباطات
پیاپی 63 (پاییز 1402)

In the world based on the digital space and the era of electronic and virtual communications, mass media and social networks, while playing the role of news sources for most financial information and data, regulate the problem of information asymmetry between investors and financial markets. It strengthens the adjustment and development of markets. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of mass media on the policy and tendencies of financial market investors. The target population was based on a survey in 2021 among 420 students with investment experience in the financial markets, which was selected by purposeful and non-random sampling and after collecting, 200 questionnaires were analyzed using the logit model. The results showed: a) Mass media leads to fluctuations in investors' tendencies and policies and affects their decisions. b) In the conditions of recession and crisis in the financial markets, the impact and penetration rate of news media is more than social and specialized media. c) while in the conditions of prosperity in the financial markets only, to adjust and carry out reforms in the stock market, the influence of news media is more than social and specialized media d) media news reports basically have an asymmetric effect in the sense that In conditions of market boom, investors pay more attention to optimistic reports and ignore reports that have negative signals. On the other hand, in the conditions of recession and lack of prosperity in the market, investors are more vulnerable to pessimistic media reports, and reports with active information do not have a significant and meaningful impact on their decisions. However, financial markets investors need to learn media literacy along with financial literacy in order to distinguish real news from fake news.

The natural desire of humans to have a meaningful view of the surrounding world and to escape from emptiness has caused religion to create a new and meaningful attitude to life as a factor in giving meaning to life. This approach, by presenting an emerging interpretation of man and religion, as well as the relationship between the two, seeks to understand man and the dimensions of religion, from vision and beliefs to behavior, habits, and religious customs. Religious rituals, as a factor for communication and unity of people have a decisive role in the social-cultural-identity structure. Surah Mubarakah Hajj, as the focus of Quranic rituals, includes culturally creating religious propositions in different dimensions such as politics, economy, culture, etc., each of which has its roots in the revelations and contents of the verses. Based on this importance, the current research aims to extract the cultural teachings of the rituals, with the analytical-descriptive method and relying on the inferential approach, it has tried to analyze the functionality of the cultural teachings of this surah and to explain the functional comparison of the rituals of Hajj with the era of Jahiliya. The findings of the research indicated that in Surah Hajj, we are faced with the conceptual propositions of correcting the harms and cultural deviations of rituals, and at the head of these reforms, restoring piety as a union of worldliness and religion to ritual has been taken into consideration.

Policy-making on the teaching of ethnic and local languages, like any other issue, cannot be based only on value and normative guidelines and without considering the requirements of the environment and strategic considerations. For this purpose, a research was conducted with the aim of identifying the driver factors and influential actors in the issue of teaching ethnic and local languages in Iran. In order to identify the driver factors, we used the method of “Cross Impact Analysis”  using Micmac software, and for "actor analysis" we used Mactor software. As the most important to prevent the important group of "ethnic activists" from falling into the coalition of opponents of the political system; To continue the alliance with"Convergents who want to increase the ethnic share"; And also, in order to neutralize the factors of "ethnic nation-building" and "ethnic divergence", it is suggested that the policymaker should put aside his relative inaction in the issue of teaching ethnic and local languages and take control of the field with a deliberate action. However, the educational program of ethnic and local language and literature should not have the characteristics of "public" and "standardization" which is the main demand of "ethnic fighters" with the aim of nation building. On the other hand, the desired educational program should be "elitist", with the aim of identifying and flourishing talents and considering the preservation of different varieties of native languages as the linguistic heritage of the country and away from being influenced by foreign varieties.

Communicative rationality is a state of communication and understanding that results in understanding, interests and common interests through critical and constructive dialogue without the interference and supervision of government institutions. Lack of dominance, coercion, existence of agency and freedom, operationalization through language and being based on culture and ethics are prerequisites of communicative rationality. The purpose of this research is to investigate and evaluate social networks, whether they are governed by communication rationality or irrational cases and manifestations in them are more than rationality. The research method is in-depth interview with the Grounded Theory approach, the results of which have been referred to professors and experts in different stages. According to the findings, the performance of social networks based on the components of communication rationality and its preconditions has not been confirmed and Things like creating access, limiting and monitoring social networks by governments, the existence of fake news, deceit and rumours, espionage and users without identity or with fake identity, the use of social networks by terrorists and fraudsters, encouraging suicide, insecurity, Crisis generation and moral anomalies, emotional, marginal and populist approaches instead of logical arguments, extremism, sectarianism, tribal and ethnic prejudices, use of psychological warfare and propaganda techniques, politicization, polarization Instrumentalism   uses are the reason for this result.

Using new media is one of the most important cultural issues in everyday life. The expansion and prevalence of instant and continuous communication has rapidly affected various fields of daily life. The permanent presence of virtual technologies in academic environments can hardly be denied. Meanwhile, the university has also lost its previous nature and meaning. This has especially caused a change in the function of universities in relation to the society and other social entities. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between classroom virtualization and university culture during Covid-19 Situation. The study has a quantitative paradigm and its research method is a survey. The population of the research consists of 385 students of the state universities of Tehran in three categories of face-to face, semi online and online university courses. Cluster Random Sampling and Probabilistic Sampling in proportion to the number of population have been used. The research model was tested using Lisrel software. The results show that the process of virtualization has an influence on the communication as an intermediate variable and it thus has a significant effect on the university culture and its dimensions such as lifestyle, organizational culture, etc. In other words, communication is an intermediary that mediates between virtualization and dimensions of university culture. It can be concluded from the findings that the process of virtualization has created a fundamental change in human interactions and communication and this transformation in human interactions has also spread to other aspects of university life and culture.

Tone is one of the elements of the story that increases the power of conveying concepts and feelings and makes the implied meanings of words better understood. The tone, color or emotional meaning of the literary work is induced by the speaker to the audience and is made from the combination of words used by the speaker. This element helps to create the atmosphere of the story through the expression of words and sentences and affects the mind of the audience. The following article deals with the factors of creating tone, change and variety of tone and its importance and role in single-verse short short stories of the Qur'an with a descriptive-analytical method. In terms of content, the general tone of Quranic short short stories is educational-preaching, but there are many minor tones such as surprising, humiliating, regretful, supplicating, warning, argumentative, persuasive, evangelizing, insisting, regretful tone in these short short stories. It is also seen. Among the linguistic elements, the process of choosing words and combining sentences, weights and syllables form the most important effective factors in creating the tone of short short stories. The expression of tone in short short stories is not explicit, and through the element of tone, short short stories, in addition to writing stories and embellishing words, seek to criticize some ideas, behaviors and encourage them to achieve their goals, which in most cases have a didactic tone. It appears throughout the short short stories.

The main purpose of this research is to compare the role and strategies of intellectuals before and after the Islamic Revolution in the political development of Iran, and in this regard, the role of intellectuals of four different generations, the first, second, third, and fourth, has been investigated. The research method is qualitative and with a content analysis approach, using library tools and articles in which intellectuals of the first to fourth generation of contemporary Iran have discussed and researched, and the researcher used the inductive approach and triple coding to extract and analysis of related and required content. findings and results of the research show that intellectuals have different roles and strategies during the contemporary era, including secularism in the eyes of the intellectuals of the constitutional era, industrialization in the eyes of the intellectuals of the first Pahlavi era, progress in science and technology in the eyes of the second Pahlavi intellectuals, and Dependence on Western countries among the intellectuals after the Islamic Revolution.